GEOGRAPHIC HORIZONS

Food security is one of the most critical challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. Defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) as a condition in which "all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life," food security goes beyond mere availability of food. It incorporates dimensions such as accessibility, utilization, and stability. As the global population rises and climate change accelerates, the urgency to secure sustainable food systems becomes increasingly pressing. The Four Pillars of Food Security Availability: This refers to the supply side of food security and is influenced by factors such as agricultural production, food imports, food aid, and stock levels. Natural disasters, pests, and conflicts can significantly reduce food availability. Access: Even if food is available, individuals must have the reso...

Medical geography is a sub-discipline of human geography that examines the spatial distribution of health, disease, and healthcare. It integrates geographical techniques with medical and public health knowledge to analyze how location, place, environment, and spatial relationships affect health outcomes and healthcare delivery systems. At its core, medical geography investigates two main themes: the geography of disease and the geography of health care . The first aspect involves mapping and analyzing disease patterns, such as the spread of infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, or pandemics like COVID-19. The second involves evaluating the accessibility, efficiency, and equity of health care services across different regions. A defining feature of medical geography is its use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) technologies. These tools allow researchers to spatially analyze health data, identify disease hotspots, monitor environmental healt...